Four year strategic plan for Erie Capsim Company Essay

The multi year key arrangement will concentrate on key drivers of the business, factors deciding fate of the organization, industry engaging quality, and its serious condition. Each segment contains point by point subsections which plainly characterizes the vital arrangement. The arrangement utilizes 2009 information and our multi year plan approaches 2013. 1.1â Driving Forces In this industry there are many main impetuses. Our top administration utilizes the idea of main thrusts to arrive at agreement on what key zone speaks to the enterprises current main impetus. 1.1.1 Research and Development: Our organization will present another High End item consistently. What's more we will reposition our presentation and size fragment items into our underlying focused on areas. This will empower a stream or items arranged along the High End, conventional, and Low end areas. Likewise we will permit present conventional area items to turn into a Low End segment item in order to make space for fragment float. The organization will later acquaint another item with the High End and will at long last have four items each in the Low, Traditional, and High end areas during those four years. Along these lines the organization will present to customers items in accordance with their ideal method for age, dependability, and situating. Likewise the organization tries to continue its current product offering, guarantee nearness in each segment, and endeavor to support its items in the following four years in show disdain toward elevated levels of robotization. 1.1.2 Marketing: Promoting is another principle main thrust. From the outset our organization will endeavor to stay up with the availability and consciousness of prompt competitor’s products.â Ideally we will return to our status consistently for the following four years to decide if advancement and deals financial plans ought to be estimated or if the organization will keep coordinating that of contenders. For the most part our organization will offer items at marked down costs. Additionally for these four years our organization is wanting to spend forcefully in deals and advancement in focused segments; Low, Traditional, and High segments. In this light every customer will have known our brilliant plans for the following four years. Essentially, we are arranging rearrange coordinations associated with recognizing items by clients. Subsequent to characterizing the company’s cost authority position, we will reexamine the company’s circumstance to investigate choices to improve availability and mindfulness. 1.1.3  Production: Fundamentally our organization will essentially expand robotization levels on all items in the following four years. Since computerization confines the company’s capacity to reposition its items in accordance with R&D, we will edge our robotization procedure in the Low and Traditional segments in the following two years and afterward High end segment during the most recent two years. Our organization will guarantee limit working to fulfill the produced need. In the primary half we will reposition our brands. Be that as it may, in the last half we will assess methods of expanding in mechanization levels to improve edges just as repositioning items and continuing areas as they cross the perceptual guide. 1.1.4 Finance The idea of our industry permits it to draw assets from a wide source. During the primary a large portion of the organization will back its ventures principally through bond issues enhancing with stock offers following a case by case premise. For last a large portion of, the organization will build up a partitioned arrangement and begin to resign stock. The organization isn't antagonistic to use and desire is that we will support obligation/value proportion at 2.0-3.0. 1.2â Future key achievement factors Elements for accomplishment in our organization incorporate; 1.2.1 Concentration: Our organization will focus on Low, Traditional, and High end segments. This will keep creation costs, crude material expenses, and R&D expenses to a base. Additionally organization item lifecycle focus will empower us to harvest deals for the following four years on every one of the four new items to be brought into High end area. 1.2.2 Brand acknowledgment and mindfulness The organization will keep up nearness in each segment. We will try to guarantee a serious edge by separating our items. This will be done through incredible structure, simple openness, and high mindfulness during first half. In the other a large portion of, the organization will start an equipped R&D that guarantees new and energizing structures. Items will be in accordance with the market needs, introducing improved execution and size. 1.3â Attractiveness of industry and serious condition 1.3.1  Factors making the business appealing A few variables make our organization to be attractive.â These are factors that will decide how far our organization can stay still. These incorporate;  ·  Reliable items: will guarantee items which are dependable to standard customers and brands that offer worth.  · Premium items: our organization offers great items and brands that will stand the trial of time.  ·  Low value: the organization offers items at scaled down costs. Its brands offer strong worth.  ·  Easy innovation: our items are solid even to low innovation clients 1.3.2 components making the business ugly  · Funding: the market is unusual and there getting enough budgetary help is an issue  · Extensive exploration: item maintainability requires a broad examination. This adds to cost by method of specialists and experts. 1.3.3 unique industry issues/issues  · Product nearness: our organization intends to keep up an upper hand by guaranteeing nearness in each area.  · Unrelenting center: fixation guarantees brand acknowledgment which prompts extraordinary open door over contenders.  · Substitutes: the organization is probably going to endure incase substitutes flood showcase, especially during last half.  · New participants: during the initial two years the organization will appreciate imposing business model however in most recent two years contestants are probably going to enter the market. 1.3.4 Profit standpoint The organization at present is getting a charge out of a net revenue of 20%. This vital arrangement plans to develop the benefit by extra 10% for initial two years and another 15% over the most recent two years.

Tips and Strategies For Writing My Essay For Me

Tips and Strategies For Writing My Essay For MeWhen you read tips and strategies for writing my essay for me, you probably wonder what is it you're doing reading them. You may wonder if you can really do this yourself. You might feel anxious that you'll have to rely on someone else to do this for you. And you may fear that you'll be saddled with a job that isn't going to make you a lot of money.The good news is that you don't have to let anyone else do this for you. You can do it yourself and still get good grades, and make money at the same time. You just need to be able to stand up and say no when you've reached a dead end. And you need to be willing to get in touch with your inner-teacher and want to learn from your mistakes.To be able to do this, you have to know your emotional makeup and how to apply that to your skills. You also need to understand the information your teacher gave you and how to apply it to your essay. That's where you need help.Sometimes it's hard to follow di rections when it comes to writing an essay. It's easier for some people to simply sit down and write an essay. For others, it's harder than it sounds.Then there are those who just seem to have trouble writing. They find it difficult to follow instructions or to read through their assigned material. They think the words are not coming out right. And they can become easily frustrated by the entire process.This can happen because there are a lot of different kinds of writing. There are different kinds of essays and there are different kinds of people who are writing them. You will have to know your stuff to be able to do it.Writing your own essay is also a process. You have to practice the steps so that you're able to write the most concise and best essay possible. After all, that's what they're there for.After you've written your essay, you can begin to publish it on the Internet. This is a great way to earn money as well. You should be able to find a publisher for your essay, who wil l then give you a fair deal.

Pay It Forward free essay sample

The film, â€Å"Pay it Forward,† is a motivating story about a little fellow, Trevor McKinney, who acknowledges a demand given to him by an educator at school and embarks to change the world. He goes over numerous obstructions en route, however with determination and courage, he at last prevails with regards to making a development that turns into the initial phase in helping improve the world. Trevor’s world-changing thought is to do favors for three individuals, and consequently, approach them to do favors for three others each. This is the possibility of â€Å"paying it forward. † When Trevor first presents this arrangement, numerous individuals excuse it due to its extraordinary naivety and straightforwardness. In today’s time, humankind has fallen so profound into wrongdoing that as a rule we overlook that it is so natural to serve others and carry out beneficial things. Trevor’s thought isn't a disappointment, yet rather, individuals neglect to see the significance in it since it sounds so natural; one would just envision that it would take considerably more than individuals doing a couple of favors to out of nowhere improve the world. As we talked I could see her feelings of anxiety rise; I made her mindful of different government and state assets that I was sure she would meet all requirements for. The mother started to disclose to me that she has applied for those assets however has heard nothing again from the office; I gave her my number and advised her to call me and I would put forth a valiant effort to advocate for her. I at that point got her food supplies and informed her not to stress concerning it. An aspect of my responsibilities at Partners in Housing is to help advocate for people who need explicit assets however are not sure how to approach applying for them; the lady called the following day and I started the way toward supporting for her. At the point when I determined the status of her, I discovered she had gotten food help, work help and lodging help. Selflessness, Social Responsibility and Codependency When playing out a demonstration of generosity, one must be cautious in which how the person in question plays out the demonstration and how frequently the individual in question offers help to a person. A few people can become or as of now are mutually dependent and intensely depend on others to accommodate them in some way (passionate, money related, food or ongoing). I have had a multi year involvement in a person who was totally mutually dependent; this individual was a companion of mine and her codependency cost us our kinship. Regardless of how regularly I helped her or in what ways I helped her, it appeared as though it was rarely enough and that she would â€Å"dig† herself more profound into inconvenience. In the long run, I needed to remove myself from her, and disclosed to her she expected to figure out how to issue explain for herself; she lost control with me and our kinship finished. Mutually dependent people experience issues critical thinking for themselves, being separated from everyone else, or acting naturally adequate by and large; this is because of numerous elements which incorporate mental insecurity, not building up the fitting aptitudes to get independent, and the consistency of others continually accommodating them. Regardless of whether a demonstration of graciousness is benevolent has been a subject of discussion for quite a long time and all the more so now. Irregular demonstrations of generosity can possibly compensate the individual giving just as the individual getting; insofar as the demonstration of consideration doesn't get required or overpowering, it can enhance the lives of the people in question. Research has discovered that â€Å"†¦acts of consideration particularly spontaneous†¦can help bliss in the individual carrying out the beneficial thing. In all actuality, not all demonstrations of irregular thoughtfulness are philanthropic; in any case, this doesn't really mean they are egotistical either. Irregular demonstrations of consideration might be performed by people with selfless aims who are likewise fulfilling (regardless of whether they know it or not) a more profound mental need; for instance, I helped the lady in the market not just on the grounds that I was profoundly worried for the government assistance of her and her family, but since I recognize what it resembles to be in that specific circumstance with no assistance or access to assets. Then again, an individual can play out an irregular demonstration of consideration that is apparently selfless, however is just doing as such to profit by the demonstration; the cost of the demonstration is commonly more than the individual getting can manage. The individual playing out the demonstration may need cash, or sexual favors; notwithstanding, this is a most dire outcome imaginable. I can't totally say that each demonstration of irregular generosity performed is benevolent (the demonstration for the most part benefits the two gatherings in some way or another); in any case, I can say that most demonstrations of arbitrary graciousness I have seen performed have unselfish intensions (the individual may not understand the person in question is fulfilling a mental need). Insofar as the demonstration of consideration isn't harming and is performed to support another individual; at that point it may not be of significance if the individual trusts it to be selfless. I accept people ought to have a social duty to cooperate and help each other to help make dwelling together conceivable; lamentably, there are scarcely any people who perform demonstrations of benevolence due to the â€Å"dog eat dog† society we live in. Everybody is consistently in a hurry and with today’s monetary destruction, people are increasingly worried about their own families and selves to stop and help other people. Determination An irregular demonstration of graciousness shouldn't be one of grandiosity or show; it doesn't have to include money related methods or increase. An arbitrary demonstration of consideration can be basic; helping somebody convey staple goods, inquiring as to whether a person who glances in trouble is alright or basically asking an individual how their day is going (particularly in our general public where individuals rush to â€Å"flip the bird,† however not to make proper acquaintance). Philanthropy should be a rule when playing out an arbitrary demonstration of thoughtfulness; yet the demonstration shouldn't be totally charitable. In the event that fulfilling a person for a second or a day lights up your day, at that point the demonstration hosts a constructive effect on the two gatherings included; in any case, in the event that the demonstration has no premise of philanthropy, at that point it can negatively affect one or the two gatherings. Recall that demonstrations of arbitrary generosity must not be required or overpowering; this can make the individual not have any desire to help any longer. It is best when the demonstration is fulfilling and fulfilling to the two gatherings included.

This Financial Audit Report Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

The first section of this financial audit report is to briefly explain the company background of the companies of Bonia Corporation Berhad and Parkson Holdings Berhad. Following by the first section, the second section is to examine the market share price movement of the companies from correlation coefficient and regression line of the best fit, to measure that risky and prediction when invests in market share prices. Through the market share prices movements, efficient market hypothesis and random walk theory have to explain in this report. Lastly, this report also identifies the methods of security valuation methods which are needed to mention when the author wants to value the share prices of the companies. Besides that, this report also presents important of capital budgeting in decision ruling when appraises investment in projects. With the framework, author has determine the different of security valuation and capital budgeting. Bonia Corporation Berhad Company Background Bonia Corporation Berhad is mainly focuses in fashion retailing, marketing and manufacturing, which has provided high quality and fashion of leather goods. There have 883 sales outlets and 103 boutiques in around the world. The Bonias history was started in 1977 year, which Mr. Chiang Sang Sem, the Bonias founder, and now was Executive Chairman in Bonia Group, had apply Bonia of brand name because of inspired from the artwork of Giambologna, Italy. In 1980, the Bonia Group had succeed became market leader in Malaysia and Singapore and was listed on the Bursa Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE). Then Bonia Group had succeeded expanded and had its subsidiaries company. Now the Bonia Group has succeed added more international brands, which are Pierre Cardin, Braun Bruno, Magli, Buffel, and Renoma to its collection of brands with the gaining of 70% equity in Jeco (Pte) Limited. Corporate Goal The main corporate goal of Bonia Corporation Behad is to be the recognized international brand with lists in the public listed companies in the region. According to Bonia Groups vision, Bonia Group will establish more 30 countries and will focus in 5 countries in 2015 year. Furthermore, Bonia Group forecasts to have 1billion earnings and at least have 12% before the tax in yearly. Financial Reporting and Performance According to the annual report 2011, Bonia Groups profits have increased 28% to RM461.4million with RM54.8 million from contribution of Jeco (Pte) Limited and RM24.0 million in consignment sales Malaysia. Then Bonia Group has earned RM56.5 million before tax with 24% and RM14.8 million before tax in Jeco (Pte) Limiteds contribution. However, there still have losses of RM5.4 million from joint venture business in Vietnam. Future Forecast Apart on Bonia Groups forecasting, Renoma Cafeacute; Gallery has chosen as the master Franchisee from Licensor, Renoma S.T.A.R. for Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia and launchs 1st concept in 2012 year. Besides, Bonia Group has rebuilt the retail in Vietnam because of arguing with partner. It forecasts will be the temporary because of supporting by Vietnams departmental stores. Bonia Group forecasts to launch first boutique at Grand Indonesia Shopping Town in Jakarta. Parkson Holdings Berhad Company Background Parkson Holdings Berhad is a Malaysia investment holding company which was under Companies Act in 1965 year and has named as Amalgamated Cement Mills Sdn Bhd in 1982 year. When 1992 year, it had changed to a public company with Pakson name and had listed to Bursa Malaysia in 1993 year. It had joint venture in Parkson Retail Group Limited and Parkson Retail Asia. It has 89 department stores in China, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Malaysia, which 7 stores in Indonesia are under the brand name of a Kem Chicks Supermarket and Centro Lifestyle Department Store, and 8 stores in Vietnam, 37 stores in Malaysia are under brand name of Parkson. Corporate Goal Parkson Group has the corporate goal which offers more international brands to join venture in consignment of department stores. Parkson Group is using the strategy of consistent market positioning, localization and focusing Fashion, Cosmetics, Household and Electrical to achieve objectives with target of young and contemporary market segments. Financial Reporting and Performance In 2011, Parkson Group has earned gross sales of RM9.49 billion, which had increased 10% and earned operating profit of RM971 million which had increased 11%. Besides, Parkson Group also had earned the net profit RM348 million, which had increased 22%. Moreover, Balance sheet of Parkson Group maintains healthy in 2011 with funds of more than RM2 billion to shareholders. Future Forecast Parkson Group has planning to focus in expanded new retail markets to more countries. Then it has to maintain partnership with the Indonesia which has following the listing of shares of SGX-ST for future forecast. Parkson Loyalty Card programme, which is emphasized, also is the future forecast of the company to gain more consumers. Market Share Price Movement of PARKSON and BONIA Share price movement is determined to estimate the future cash flows and share price in the company. This report has done to determine the share prices movement of Parkson and Bonia. Market Share Price Month PARKSON HOLDINGS BHD Market Share Price Bonia Corporation Berhad Market Share Price Jan 5.95 1.81 Feb 5.66 1.8 Mar 5.73 1.8 Apr 5.87 1.85 May 5.92 1.85 June 7.73 1.81 July 6.12 1.81 Aug 5.89 1.73 Sep 5.82 1.65 Oct 5.69 1.72 Nov 5.81 1.96 Dec 5.84 2.07 Scatter Diagram Graph Scatter Diagram is a technique that uses to determine relationship between two months and to determine how the financial market works and the risk of company. Below is the table of monthly share price Parkson, which uses to plot scatter diagram graph market share prices. PARKSON HOLDINGS BHD Month x y Month JAN 5.95 5.66 FEB FEB 5.66 5.73 MAR MAR 5.73 5.87 APR APR 5.87 5.93 MAY MAY 5.92 7.73 JUN JUN 7.73 6.12 JUL JUL 6.12 5.89 AUG AUG 5.89 5.82 SEP SEP 5.82 5.69 OCT OCT 5.69 5.81 NOV NOV 5.81 5.84 DEC DEC 5.84 2.2.1 Scatter Diagram Graph of PARKSON HOLDINGS BHD The graph above has showed that the correlation between 2 months of the share price of Parkson, which the highest is on June RM7.73 and the lowest, is on February RM5.66. BONIA CORPORATION BHD MONTH x y MONTH JAN 1.81 1.8 FEB FEB 1.8 1.8 MAR MAR 1.8 1.85 APR APR 1.85 1.85 MAY MAY 1.85 1.81 JUN JUN 1.81 1.81 JUL JUL 1.81 1.73 AUG AUG 1.73 1.65 SEP SEP 1.65 1.72 OCT OCT 1.72 1.96 NOV NOV 1.96 2.07 DEC DEC 2.07 2.2.2 Scatter Diagram Graph of BONIA CORPORATION BHD The graph above is scatter diagram of Bonia, which the highest is on December RM2.07, and the lowest, is on October RM5.66. Based on the scatter diagram graph, it also has showed Parksons correlation between 2 months is strong than Bonia. Calculation of Correlation Coefficient However, it needs to use calculation of correlation coefficient to measure more accurately that weak and strong of correlation between 2 months are interpreting. It takes on values ranging between +1 and -1. PARKSON x y xy x ² y ² 5.95 5.66 33.68 35.40 32.04 5.66 5.73 32.43 32.04 32.83 5.73 5.87 33.64 32.83 34.46 5.87 5.92 34.75 34.46 35.05 5.92 7.73 45.76 35.05 59.75 7.73 6.12 47.31 59.75 37.45 6.12 5.89 36.05 37.45 34.69 5.89 5.82 34.28 34.69 33.87 5.82 5.69 33.12 33.87 32.38 5.69 5.81 33.06 32.38 33.76 5.81 5.84 33.93 33.76 34.11 5.84 5.95 34.75 34.11 35.40 72.03 72.03 432.74 435.78 435.78 The formula of Correlation Coefficient The answer shows that the correlation coefficient of Parkson following by the 2 months is 0.11. It means that the correlation efficient of between 2 months of the share price are weak. BONIA x y xy x ² y ² 1.81 1.80 3.26 3.28 3.24 1.80 1.80 3.24 3.24 3.24 1.80 1.85 3.33 3.24 3.42 1.85 1.85 3.42 3.42 3.42 1.85 1.81 3.35 3.42 3.28 1.81 1.81 3.28 3.28 3.28 1.81 1.73 3.13 3.28 2.99 1.73 1.65 2.85 2.99 2.72 1.65 1.72 2.84 2.72 2.96 1.72 1.96 3.37 2.96 3.84 1.96 2.07 4.06 3.84 4.28 2.07 1.81 3.75 4.28 3.28 21.86 21.86 39.87 39.95 39.95 The answer shows that the correlation coefficient of Bonia following by the 2 months is 0.38. It means that the correlation efficient of between 2 months of the share price are weak. However, it still better if compares with Parkson. Calculation Regression line of Best Fit According to Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911), which had developed scatter diagram and correlation coefficient, also had identified regression line that used to do prediction. Equation of x (current share price) and y (predicted share prices) Formula Regression Line of Best Fit PARKSON Therefore, 2.2.2.1 Regression Line Best Fit of PARKSON HOLDINGS BHD is the equation line of Parkson. Therefore, it can use to predict the share prices for future. For example, if this month the share price (x) is RM6.0, And the next months share price also will be RM6. Based on the graph, it also has showed Parksons share prices are more stable. BONIA 0.38 1.8217-0.692 Therefore, 2.2.2.2 Regression Line Best Fit of BONIA CORPORATION BHD is the equation line of Bonia. There also can use to predict the share prices for future. For example, if this month the share price (x) is RM2.0, And the next months share price also will be RM2.64. Based on the graph, it also has showed Parksons share prices are more risky, if compares with Parksons regression line of best fit. Time Series Graph Time series is a collection of market share prices then shows that which month is the highest and lowest, and the upward or down turn in the market. PARKSON HOLDINGS BHD 2.3.1 Time Series Graph of PARKSON HOLDINGS BHD Based on the graph above, the share prices of Parkson has moved down on January to February and moved up again on March. The most transmutation in Parkson is on May which moved up to June then moved down again to July. BONIA CORPORATION BHD 2.3.2 Time Series Graph of BONIA CORPORATION BHD Based on the graph above, the share prices of Bonia has moved moderate in early of the year 2011. Then the share prices start move down on August to September and move up again on October. Calculation of Correlation Coefficient Same with 2.2.1 calculation for scatter diagram, now is calculate correlation coefficient of time series of Parkson and Bonia to determine the relation between month and share prices. PARKSON x y xy X ² Y ² 1.00 5.95 5.95 1.00 35.40 2.00 5.66 11.32 4.00 32.04 3.00 5.73 17.19 9.00 32.83 4.00 5.87 23.48 16.00 34.46 5.00 5.92 29.60 25.00 35.05 6.00 7.73 46.38 36.00 59.75 7.00 6.12 42.84 49.00 37.45 8.00 5.89 47.12 64.00 34.69 9.00 5.82 52.38 81.00 33.87 10.00 5.69 56.90 100.00 32.38 11.00 5.81 63.91 121.00 33.76 12.00 5.84 70.08 144.00 34.11 78.00 72.03 467.15 650.00 400.38 0.0154 0.00024 The answer shows that the correlation coefficient of Parkson following by the months and share price is 0.0154. It means that the correlation efficient of between months and share price are very weak. BONIA x y xy X ² Y ² 1.00 1.81 1.81 1.00 3.28 2.00 1.80 3.60 4.00 3.24 3.00 1.80 5.40 9.00 3.24 4.00 1.85 7.40 16.00 3.42 5.00 1.85 9.25 25.00 3.42 6.00 1.81 10.86 36.00 3.28 7.00 1.81 12.67 49.00 3.28 8.00 1.73 13.84 64.00 2.99 9.00 1.65 14.85 81.00 2.72 10.00 1.72 17.20 100.00 2.96 11.00 1.96 21.56 121.00 3.84 12.00 2.07 24.84 144.00 4.28 78.00 21.86 143.28 650.00 39.95 On the other hand, coefficient of Bonia between months and share price is. Although the correlations efficient are very weak, but it still better if compares with Parkson. Calculation Regression line of Best Fit Same with 2.2, regression line of best fit also has used to determine in time series. PARKSON Therefore, is the equation line of Parkson. BONIA 0.002 1.8217-0.013 Therefore, is the equation line of Bonia. Market efficiency hypothesis Efficient capital market, which security prices change rapidly following by new information and, therefore, the current prices of securities reflect all information about the security. It is important to analyze capital markets efficiency and understand the efficient market hypothesis because its results of researches have significant real-world implications for investors and portfolio managers. An efficient market is requires a large number of profit maximizing participants analyze and value securities. Random Walk Theory Random walk theory is defines by the fact that price changes are independent of each other (Brealey et al, 2005). Actually random walks is connected to efficient market hypothesis, which if more efficient the market, the more random of share prices will change. Investors cannot accurately predict the share prices no matter with the correlation coefficient and regression line of best fit. Thus, share prices always fully reflect the information available and no profit can be made from information based trading (Lo and MacKinley, 1999). Different Forms of Market Efficientcy According to FAMA, there have three sub hypotheses in efficient market hypotheses which are weak efficiency, semi-strong efficiency and strong efficiency. 2.4.2.1 Weak Efficiency The weak forms of the efficient market hypothesis states that share price fully reflect all historical information. It means that past rates of return and other historical share prices do not have relationship with future rates of return, which is rates of return should be independent. 2.4.2.2 Semi-strong efficiency The semi-strong form of the efficient market hypothesis states that share prices will adjust immediately and in an unbiased manner to reflect new information, which is made publicly available. This does not mean that everybody has to have the same opinions about the significance of the new information. Prices will reflect the view of the market, which will automatically be the best interpretation of the mechanism. The implication of this is that a share can never be over or under prices according to the information, which is publicly available. 2.4.2.3 Strong efficiency The strong form of the efficient market hypothesis states share prices reflect all information. This means that no investors have monopolistic access to information related to the prices. The strong form efficient encompasses both weak form efficient and semi strong form efficient. Further, the strong form efficient will get more assumption of efficient markets, to assume perfect markets, in which prices adjust to the release of new news. Technical and Fundamental Analysis Based on the study of past share prices, many financial analysis seems to be view because of capital market are inefficient. A technical analysis or chartist has occurred to predict future price movements from prices. Besides, fundamental analysis is study publicly available information such as published accounts in order to try to identify the real worth or intrinsic value of shares, which may be more or less than the share price. Anomalies in the behavior of share price Many such anomalies have been reported and investigated in the quest to understand the behavior of share prices (Fama 1998). Calendar effects There has some calendar effects have been examined, which trading at particular times of the day can lead to negative or positive returns. One study found a significant monthly effect wherein all the markets cumulative advance occurred during the first half of trading months. An analysis of the weekend effect found that the mean return for Monday was significantly negative during 5 year sub periods and a total period. In contrast, the average return for the other 4 days was positive. The size anomalies The returns from investing in smaller companies have been shown, in the long run, to be greater than the average return from all companies. One study, for example, found that small firms outperformed large firms by 6% per year (Dimson and Marsh 1986). It has been suggested that above-average returns from small companies may compensate for the greater risk associated with them, such as the risk of financial distress. Concepts Security Valuation and Capital Budgeting Security Valuation Security Valuation is the valuation on the net assets of company which willing or able to let investors invest to the company. With the analysis of valuation, investors can determine which companys share prices are under or over valued, and make the decisions in investment. 3.1.1 Asset Valuation Net asset Backing is more appropriately referred to as net tangible assent backing because it excludes intangible assents such as goodwill. And it is sometimes used as a measure of the underlying value of a companys shares in the grounds that it represents what shareholders are entitled to in the event that a company is wound up, it can then be compared with the current price of a companys shares. Parkson 1. Net Assets Method Of Share Valuation Total Assets 7,270,943,000 Intangible Assets 1,235,534,000 Total Liabilities 3,887,578,000 Net Assets Value of Equity 2,147,831,000 No. of Ordinary Shares = 1,093,673,000 Value Per Share = Net Assets Value of Equity divide; No. of Ordinary Shares = 1.964 Income Based Price Earnings Ratio (P/E) Earning Yield (EY) Bonia Asset Valuation Net Assets Method Of Share Valuation Total Assets 373,250,000 Intanglible Assets ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ 68,848,000 Total Liabilities ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ 126,263,000 Net Assets Value of Equity 178,139,000 No. of Ordinary Shares = 201,572,000 Value Per Share = Net Assets Value of Equity divide; No. of Ordinary Shares = 0.88 Income Based Price Earnings Ratio (P/E) Earning Yield (EY) Asset Valuation PARKSON BONIA Net Assets 1.96 0.88 P/E 4.46 2.30 EY 8.77 2.38 Market Value 5.84 2.07 Market Value Capitalization EY Capitalization As a result, Parksons market value has over valued, which market capitalization is RM, but had growth in. It means that Parkson has gained more profit. On the other hand, market capitalization of Bonia also has over valued which RM417, 254,040 but has growth the profit to 478,965,884. It means that the Bonia also has earned more profit. If compared with Parkson, investors are able to invest in Parkson because of Parkson has earned more profit than Bonia according to the valuation above. Capital Budgeting A capital budgeting decision is one that involves the allocation of funds to projects that will have a life of at least one year and usually much longer. Basic capital budgeting decisions determine whether there is under or over capacity in a given firm or within an industry. Whether the marketing manager gets a new product approved for production and distribution may be a function of how well he or she provides data into the capital budgeting process and understand the analysis. 3.2 Importance of Capital Budgeting A proper making decision on capital budgeting is important in increasing a companys value as well as maximize shareholders wealth. It also has involved in long-term implication for the company and might get risk in complexion. If investment projects have failed in the future, the company will have to bear the burden of fixed cost. Besides, capital budgeting is not easy to reversible because it is difficult to search market assets.

Genetically Modified Foods And The Human Body - 1159 Words

Food is needed for the growth and maintenance of the human body. A nutritious diet is the foundation of good health. Eating healthy protects your cells from damage, which is why genetically modified foods shouldn t be an option. Genetically modified foods are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering. Not only are genetically modified foods unhealthy for your body, but they have negative effects on many other things. Bioethics allows technology to interfere with the natural nature of our foods and how they are grown. The avoidance of genetically modified food can help better society in many ways. Genetically modified foods are known to be unhealthy for the human body. When creating these genetically modified organisms, also known as GMOs, three main components are required, the gene you want to transfer, the organism you want to put it into, and a vector to carry the gene into that organism’s cells. T he unnaturalness of this procedure can cause problems in the human body. GMOs were introduced to consumers in 1994 and since then health problems have increased. From 1996 to 2005, there was a 6% increase in health issues that occurred (Smith). In the article â€Å"Playing God in Garden† by Michael Pollan, he stated â€Å"my New Leafs are clones of clones of plants that were first engineered seven years ago in Monsanto’s $150 million research facility†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pollan 4). This shows how severe genetic engineering is.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects of Genetically Modified Foods on the Human Body Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the Effects of Genetically Modified Foods on the Human Body? For many years, Companies have been using GMOs or Genetically Modified Organisms in their food products. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), genetically modified organisms can be defined as â€Å"organisms in which the genetic material DNA has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally†. These organisms are used in the majority of food products across the world making people think that the use of GMOs is nothingRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods And Its Effects On The Human Body And Environment2186 Words   |  9 Pages Abstract Genetically Modified Foods are the newly developed epidemic of the 21st century. Through a multitude of hurdled obstacles of putting G.M.O’s into production, they are said to have aided world hunger, production costs, and the economy. However, the question of the level of safety comes into play when analyzing the long term and short term effects on the human body and environment. Although the United States has frugal laws regarding the labeling and production of G.M.O’s, a majority of otherRead MoreDangers of Genetically Modified Foods1088 Words   |  4 Pages Genetically modified foods are a very dangerous and wasteful process that is given too much thought. This includes allergic reactions to possible intestinal damage, many people want to avoid genetically modified foods because of animal studies that have shown changes in internal cell formation, unusual tumor development, and unanticipated passing of life that have occurred, as well as altered the number of cells that regulated the immune system for the body. Research has shown that a growth inRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo )1665 Words   |  7 PagesA genetically modified organism (GMO) is a chemical organism processed in a laboratory where genes from the DNA of the crops are extracted and then artificially forced into an unrelated product that, when put into the crops the farmers raise, can chemically change the makeup of the crop. The chemical makeup can be from the change in the skin color of the crop to the actual organic chemistry compound. Genetic engineering is the process of splicing the genes in the crop and taking out a certain chemicalRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Foods1739 Words   |  7 Pagesabomination for mankind. I strongly agree. Genetically modified foods are defined as foods that are derived from organizations whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally. For instance, this occurs through the introduction of a gene from a different organism into the desired organism. Since 1995, approximately 85 genetically modified foods have been approved in Canada. These include genetically modified foods that have been grown in Canada and imported fromRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods ( Gmos )898 Words   |  4 Pagesthought about what is in your food?† In today’s society Genetically Modified Foods (GMOs) can be found and purchased in most farmers markets across the United States. Genetically modified foods are designed to resist or tolerate pesticides, insects, and viruses (Segen’s Medical Dictionary). When changing the DNA makeup of an organism it alters the gene pool and can in fact lead to an unstable living environment. Genetically modified food is har mful not only to humans but to all organisms living inRead MoreLabeling For The Health Of Americans1601 Words   |  7 Pagespercent of food eaten in the United States contains GMOs, but not many people know what they are actually consuming from their food sources (Prah). Genetically modified organism, also known as genetically modified organisms engineered in a lab by scientists that alter the genes of plants and animals. By fixating DNA from other organisms into America’s food sources, they create substances that are detrimental to the health of human beings. In addition to this, these genetically modified organismsRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Its Effects On Human Health1529 Words   |  7 Pages(Oulton, 2010) threw the years it’s been adapted to â€Å"you are what you eat†, of course Brillat-Savarin didn’t know what genetically modified organisms were at that time, although, if he did he might have said something a little different. Genetically modified organisms were first introduced into grocery stores in 1994 and are still on our store shelves today. Genetically modified organisms are derived as organisms in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that do not occurRead MorePersuasive Speech: Why We Should Abandon Genetically Modified Food1580 Words   |  7 PagesPersuasive Speech: Genetically Modified Food We all enjoy a cold glass of milk with homemade cookies, a refreshing pop on a hot summer day, and a juicy cob of corn in the summer months. But, do we ever wonder what is really in our food? Because genetically modified foods do not have to be labeled, you will likely never know if the food you are consuming is genetically modified. As a fellow member of the Organic Consumers Association, I am eager to inform you of why genetically modified food is an issueRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Food1200 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Æ' Genetically Modified Organisms in Food Genetically Modified Organism’s were introduced back in the 1990’s; however, scientists first discovered that DNA could be transferred from one organism to another back in 1946 (Bawa and Anilakumar, 2013). It consists of organisms in which their genes have been altered. Whether it’s an animal or a plant, nothing is perfect; desired traits are scattered all around so scientists are now able to retrieve the DNA from one living organism, virus, or bacteria and

The Effects Of Bullying On Children With Disabilities

In a society that is built on the theory in believing that everyone is created equal is also ironically home to those who partake in vilnius activities against those with mental and physical disabilities, gays, lesbians, transgenders, and finally, those who simply do not meet the qualifications of the bully. According to Bullying Statistics, children with disabilities were two to three times more likely to be bullied. Continuing from Bullying Statistics, results have shown that 64 percent of children who were bullied did not report it; only 36 percent of children reported being bullied. Luckily, there is much that can be done to effectively dissolve a fraction, if not a majority, of all bullying. If societies today want to believe in the fact that they are truly open to accepting everyone, more must be done against eradicating bullying. As time passes, more and more laws are being passed that allow two people of the same sex to marry. As expected, there have been many people who are outraged towards the belief that two people, no matter how happy they are together, can marry. What makes this worse is when those who are outraged have kids that can see and learn from their them. As the kids see how their parents act towards the idea of gay marriage, it typically transitions well within the child. When this happens, kids unfortunately display the same behavior as well. According to a survey conducted by the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (GLSEN), results haveShow MoreRelatedBullying Those with Special Needs and Disabilities Essay1026 Words   |  5 PagesBullying is mean and mean stinks. Bullying, however, goes well beyond mean. The term is commonly defined as the use of force or coercion to abuse or intimidate others. In order to be considered bullying, the behavior must be aggressive and include an intentional act to hurt or harm someone, an imbalance of power and repetition† (Lohmann). However defined, bullying is ugly and hurtful and cruel and should be taken very seriously. Children with disabilities are at an even greater risk of being bulliedRead MoreBullying Interventions That Support Exceptional Education Students914 Words   |  4 Pagesexist in the school system today is bullying. This type of misbehavior can cause the school climate to be unconducive to learning. Bullying can also have a negative effect on not just the regular student, but the exceptional education student as well. Because of the growing epidemic (trend) of bullying, it is a need to further research the effects that bullying has on the special education student. These facts lead to the proposed research topic, â€Å"Bullying Interventions that support exceptionalRead MoreBullying in Schools Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesBullying is not something that can just be addressed inside one teachers classroom, it requires a comprehensive community effort to effectively stop bullying and the tolerance of bullying. Research shows only 4% of tea chers intervene in a situation where a student is being bullied yet 50-75% of students with special needs are the main targets of bullying. These percentages do not add up. With more adult involvement and awareness of what to look for with students educators possess the power to notRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Cyber Bullying831 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the major issues in our society is bullying/cyber bullying. Numerous school aged suffer from this problem. Bullying is basically an unwanted behavior among young children, which involves the unexpected variation of strength. This leads into differences among school-aged children, which makes the bullies to have more power to bully other children. The author argues that bullying is now a severe problem which is a blackmail to student s safety (Bullying, 2016). These sounds do not horrify butRead MoreZero Tolerance on Bullying Essay examples512 Words   |  3 Pages Zero Tolerance on Bullying Bullying has been a problem in society for as long as there has been schools. â€Å"According to the American Academy of child and adolescent psychiatry, fifty percent of children are bullied and ten percent are victims of bullying on a regular basis† [Gurian]. Bullies are showing no compassion or remorse for the emotional and physical pain that they cause their victims. There are different forms of bullying, from teasing, isolating, starting false rumors, threats of violenceRead MoreA Childs Fear By Julien Green1313 Words   |  6 Pagestrauma that children experience when they experience fear. While fear can be stressful for young children, it is also a natural part of the developmental cycle of children, and occurs in predictable patterns. (Nicholson J.I, Pearson Q.M., 2003) Throughout the years, researchers have been able to identify a cycle pertaining to the nature of fear that children experience. The initial fears of infants include being separated from their paren ts and of strange people or places. As children mature, theseRead MoreThe Relationship Between Bullying And Suicide Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesinto place to prevent bullying it would hold the bullier more accountable for his/her actions. The relationship between bullying and suicide is complex. Many media reports oversimplify this relationship, insinuating or directly stating that bullying can cause suicide. The facts tell a different story. In particular, it is not accurate and potentially dangerous to present bullying as the â€Å"cause† or â€Å"reason† for a suicide, or to suggest that suicide is a natural response to bullying. We recommend mediaRead MoreWhat Does Columbine, Sandy Hook, And Virginia Tech All Have?1377 Words   |  6 Pagesexceedingly rare, but the notoriety attracted by these events raise wide-range concerns† (287). A more pervasive problem is the increase of ‘relatively low-level’ aggression displayed every day in our sc hools (Smith 287). These behaviors include bullying, property damage, and physical aggression. Some citizens argue that violence is an unusual event and that any aggression needs to be extinguished promptly and severely. In contrast, this paper will focus on current research which demonstrates thatRead MoreBullying Is A Victim Of Bullying Essay841 Words   |  4 PagesBullying has been a major issue for years and in recent years, it has been getting progressively worse. According to StopBullying.gov, between 1 in 3 students in the US state have been a victim of bullying. I am currently interested in this topic because many of my clients are currently going through this. Bullying can affect just about anyone whether the person is getting bullied themselves, bullying others, or may have witnessed someone getting bullied (â€Å"Effects of Bullying,† n.d.). There is considerationRead MoreThe Long-Term Effects of Bullying Essay1409 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowing concerns and effects of bullying. Its epidemic is also starting to become closely related to the growing numbers of suicide rates amongst adolescents within the United States and across the globe. However, there are several adults that may take bullying lightly thinking that it is just a part of kids being kids. Whereas to an adolescent, bullying can cause long-term effects as they transition into adulthood. However, in order for one to examine the long-term effects of bullying one must be able

Child Care Level Unit free essay sample

Conversely, poor communication tactics can make the child feel worthless, intimidated or angry which will make the children have communication difficulties because they will be angry at the fact they can not do the same as the other children, o should always treat all children the same so If one child Is having difficulties you should try your hardest to help that child In fling what Is the problem and find a way of helping that child.To make communication easier and to avoid making the children feel confused, what you should do is first call out the childs name and make sure you have her attention and she understands what you are saying. Communicate in short sentences and ask the child to do one thing at a time. In BITE First Childrens Care, Learning and development peg. 3 it says ;communicating with adults and children In child care settings Is very different to the way you communicate with your friends so they way you have to communicate In placement Is different from the way you normally do because you are setting an example for the children even when your talking to the staff the children can see how you are speaking so you should make an effort to communicate properly. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Care Level Unit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Communication involves using language to put your ideas across and share information, such as through listening, reading, speaking and writing. Children need good language and speech skills to interact with people and succeed In educational settings and other areas of life. If the child experiences problems communicating, they may fall behind In learning and struggle with situations that need effective communication.You should always be trying your hardest to help children with difficulties and to be observing all the children so you can spot with children may be falling behind or finding communication harder than others. In ETC First Childrens Care, Learning and development peg. 106 it says ;Many people have some form of barrier to successful communication, these may be Internal part of the person or eternal the problem of the person trying to communicate with them, for example through misunderstanding or stereotyping these are some of the difficulties below.These are some of the di fficulties children can have: Language Problems can affect the ability to understand speech. Examples of language problems include not specking the same language or specking in a different way, which makes It difficult for a child to use the correct words to state hat they mean to other and children can also have a language disorder even If they seem to produce and understand speech well.Speech Problems This may be that the children cant understand your speech or the you cant understand their speech it is normally the childs speech, their speech may include a lot of mistakes and sound poorly articulated. Types of errors found in the speech of children with speech problems. Speech problems children may have speech difficulties for many reasons and teeth problems.

Polyethene Essays - Commodity Chemicals, Packaging Materials

Polyethene Polyethylene also known as polyethylene or polythene, was the first of the polymers to be discovered. Polyethene is a polymer produced by reacting oxygen and ethene, in this reaction the small ethene molecules attach together to form long chain polymer molecules. This process is known as addition polymerisation. Polyethene in our world today has many uses, some of these are: ? mouldings-plastic bottles, lids and caps, different types of containers. ? films-glad wrap and various plastic bags. ? cable coverings-various pipes and insulating wire and cables As you can see polyethene has a huge variety of both domestic and industrial uses, this is fairly impressive when you see that polyethene has only been around sense 1933. Polyethene is a thermoplastic material which is often described as wax-like it is extremely tough and is has an excellent chemical resistance. It is also less dense than water and is the simplest polymer, these attributes lead to polythene being an extremely useful substance. Ethene (C2H4), is a simple hydrocarbon molecule which consists of 2 carbon atoms and 4 hydrogen atoms. Ethene's main use is in the production of polythene yet it is one of the most widely used petrochemicals in the world. Ethene is an unsaturated colourless gas which can be ignited in the presence of oxygen. Below is a diagram of ethene: Polyethene is produced by allowing the free roaming ethene gas molecules to bond together to form long chain polyethene molecules. In order for this to work a catalyst must be used, a catalyst is a substance that can alter the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing any chemical change itself. During this process thousands of ethene molecules bond to from each molecule of polyethene. Polyethene is simply a set of ethene molecules bonded together to form a chain, these chains can often stretch up to many many times longer than the original ethene molecule. Below is a diagram of polyethene: Although normally ethene monomers have little attraction for one another, yet the polyethene molecules have a strong attraction for one another. When polyethene molecules are attracted and bond high-density polyethene is formed, thus polyethene is either formed by low-density or high-density polymerisation. Ethene can undergo the process called polymerisation due to the fact that it is unsaturated and because it has a double bond between its two carbon atoms. Both High-density and low-density polyethene have different uses. Low-density polyethene is used in the production of products such as various bags, plastic bottles, cling wraps, and insulating cables. Low pressure polymerisation with the use of certain catalysts; has meant that the process of polymerization can be achieved at fairly low pressure (20 atmospheres or 2000 kPa) and at temperatures of approximately 100?C. The reactor itself contains a polyethene bed placed on a perforated plate. It works by allowing the recycled gas to enter near its base, the gas then passes through the plate and pushes up through the bed causing it to bubble. Finally the catalyst converts the ethene to polyethene, once the polyethene is cooled it forms a fine powder called 'fluff' which is then collected and transported to a storage bin. Any ethene gas which has not reacted passes through a compressor and then a cooler, and is processed again. High-density polyethene is used to produce items such as lids, caps, baskets, bowls and large containers such as garbage bins. These polyethene products are created in what is know as high-pressure polymerisation, this is a process that was originally used before low-pressure polymerisation was discovered and thus it is a fairly simple process. Firstly Ethene gas is compressed and liquefied, from here it is pumped into a large reactor at a pressure of up to 2660 atmospheres(266 Mpa). Amongst this oxygen and peroxides are pumped in to initiate the polymerisation reaction. This process generates a huge amount of heat so the most complex part of the system is the cooling facilities. The many products of polyethene which are most commonly used are generally manufactured using any of these five different techniques Extrusion - film, this technique is used for the production of items such as plastic bags such as garbage bags and glad wrap. These are the most common applications, while there are many others these are the best examples of this technique. This final product is achieved by blowing air into a tube of molten plastic this allows for extremely fine layers of the plastic to form. Blow moulding, this is used to make plastic bottles and some motor oils. This technique is much like the previous

John Ashcroft

John Ashcroft, President Bushs nominee for the position of Attorney General, was born on the wonderful spring day of May 9th, 1949. He grew up in the town of Springfield Missouri in an extremely religious family. His father was a Pentecostal preacher and enforced strict house rules, including punishing his children for dancing. Ashcroft attended Yale University, graduated with honors, and went on to the University of Chicago law school. While there, he me his wife, Janet. John fathered three children, and has one grandchild. He has also fathered three books. Two of these were college textbooks co-authored by his wife, and the other one, entitled Lessons from a father to his son, is about the many lessons that Ashcroft learned from his father. Before entering into the political world, John Ashcroft taught business law at Southwest Missouri State University, a school in his hometown. He soon got totally enveloped in the political world, taking on positions such as the Governor of Missouri, Chairman of the National Governors Association, and Missouri Auditor (just to name a few). The one that probably caught the eye of the man he was appointed by was the position that he held as the Missouri Attorney General in 1977. Also, Ashcrofts excellent economics history may have influenced Bush a bit in nominating him for the position as Attorney General. Ashcroft balanced eight consecutive budgets as the Governor of Missouri. Also, during his term as Governor, Missouri had the 49th lowest tax burden in the nation. Ashcroft was credited by Financial World and City and State magazines with making Missouri one of the best financially managed states in the entire country. J. Ashcroft is also the only member of senate to have a ! perfect voting record against wasteful government spending. Two of Ashcrofts biggest focuses are on protecting social security and economic opportunity (or, in other words,...

Any topic relating to Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Any topic relating to Macroeconomics - Essay Example The exchange rates have a close impact on the exports and imports of the country because when people exchange goods across borders they want to be paid in their own currency and hence the need to exchange value and an exchange rate arises. There are certain benefits and certain disadvantages associated with each and every trade system and so does the free floating exchange rate, the free floating exchange rate is the basis of uncertainty in the economy because there are no blockades at any end for the free floating exchange rate to be limited, it fluctuates rapidly and hence the environment for trade and investment is not a very feasible one. Another added disadvantage of this type of this kind of an exchange rate is the element of speculation. The advantage of the exchange rate system is that it balances the balance of payments and the governments do not have to worry in this regard. b)Dirty Floating: dirty floating, as the name implies is managed exchange rate systems, these systems are managed by the central bank of the country and it basically determines boundaries within which to keep the exchange rate value, if the rate crosses the maximum value then the central bank supplies more into the market so that the rate falls down and when it rises exactly the opposite happens. The advantage of having such an exchange rate system is that it adds a lot of certainty to the trading and the investment procedures and cracks down on speculative measures. The disadvantage of this system is basically to the government because it has to take measures to control the whole system and also the added responsibility of the balance of payments falls squarely on to the shoulders of the present government. c) Fixed exchange rates: In this type of exchange rate systems the rate is fixed at one point and the government should be ready to buy and sell as soon as there are any

What Impact Would Employee Involvement Do in the Hiring and Promotion Thesis Proposal

What Impact Would Employee Involvement Do in the Hiring and Promotion Process in Public Agencies - Thesis Proposal Example Much of the need to avoid all forms of internal invalidity resulting from the sample size can be addressed with the inclusion and exclusion mechanism that is employed. In the present situation, it is advised that a purposive sampling procedure is used to select respondents with the right information on the research topic ( Suri, 2011). A major limitation of the study shall be the degree of preparedness of leaders of various institutions to allow their leadership styles to be changed towards the types that allow for employee involvement. For employee involvement to be upheld, employees must exhibit a high sense of independence in the delivery of their work (Community Health Profiles, 2006). It is against this backdrop that it is assumed that all employees have needed competence. For companies practicing autocratic leadership, a chance is that they will not be willing to allow employee involvement and so data collected will be affected in such settings. Even though purposive sampling is recommended because of the nature of data to be collected, bias in data collection can still be controlled if a strategy is devised to make all forms of data to be collected hidden from respondents. This way, there shall not be pre-conceived responses coming from respondents.

Philosophy of education Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of education Essay Philosophy is a set of beliefs or ideas one has towards their discipline or line of work. Don Kauchak and Paul Eggen, authors of the textbook â€Å"Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional,† define philosophy as â€Å"The study of theories of knowledge, truth, existence, and morality† [ (Kauchak Eggen, 2011) ]. The philosophy of education is a very important aspect of teaching. It is meant to guide teachers in the classroom and offer insight to the thinking of past experts [ (Kauchak Eggen, 2011) ]. It often will answer the main questions any new and even seasoned teachers have when preparing to teach in the classroom. There are various degrees of philosophy, for example; there is the philosophy of life, the philosophy of religion, and the philosophy of education. However, there are four philosophies of education they include: Perennialism, Essentialism, Progressivism, and Social Reconstructionism. After calculating my scores on the philosophical assessment in the Kauchak and Eggen textbook, I found that my personal philosophy of education is an equal combination of Perennialism and Social Reconstructionism. According to Kauchak and Eggen, Perennialism consists of the teaching of classic knowledge [ (Kauchak Eggen, 2011) ]. This includes literacy, mathematics, and science. Another way of looking at this is teaching student’s subjects that they will use in the future, even if it does not seem relevant now. The definition of perennial is â€Å"long-term† and that is exactly how a teacher with a Perennialism philosophy teaches. Social Reconstructionism, according to Kauchak and Eggen is â€Å"An educational philosophy suggesting that schools, teachers, and students should lead in alleviating social inequities in our society† [ (Kauchak Eggen, 2011) ]. In other words, a teacher with this philosophy teaches their students about social problems, improving society and teaching their students about personal responsibilities. Perennialism and Social Reconstructionism are each on opposite ends of the spectrum. Social Reconstructionism focuses more on the society in which the student lives, while Perennialism focuses more on the intellect of the student. Having these two as my personal philosophies is a bit difficult. While I do believe teaching tolerance and understanding is important, I also know that learning mathematics, science and literacy is equally important. After reading the scenario on page 219 of the Kauchak and Eggen textbook, I would respond to the students by first trying to motivate them. Offering incentives is a great way to get students’ attention; they are more eager to pay attention if they are pursuing it to get something out of it. You can use anything as a motivator; my favorite was always free dessert at lunch! You can also give extra credit points on the next quiz or for younger students you could offer an incentive such as â€Å"line leader† or â€Å"bathroom monitor† for the day. The younger students love when they think they are in charge of something, it can also help their self-esteem knowing they are doing something important. I do believe this is more of an example of Perennialism, however, depending on the specific motivator and the response it gets; it could be Social Reconstructionism as well. The second response I would try is starting a discussion. I would try getting the students’ attention by putting them in discussion groups or having a discussion as a whole class. This would definitely be an example of Social Reconstructionism. This encourages the students to work together and to come up with a solution together. It gives them a chance to ask each other questions before asking the teacher. It also compels them to stay focused on the topic and eliminates the â€Å"my hand wasn’t raised† excuse. My third response, though I would make it my last resort, would be to write a summary on what was taught during the instruction. By doing this, it makes the students want and need to listen in order to do their assignment correctly. This also offers a chance to get some feedback from the teacher and allows you to reflect on what you learned and what you need to work on. This is an example of Perennialism, as it deals with the thought process and encouraging literacy. While Perennialism and Social Reconstructionism are complete opposites, they also share some characteristics, making it easier to teach using both philosophies. Many common knowledge subjects can be transitioned to include activities that work well to alleviate social problems. In math, you can have the students work in groups. This promotes team work and logic. In literacy, you may give reading assignments dealing with a specific problem in society (e. g. poverty, bullying, etc) and have the students write summaries on what they read. This can promote logical thinking as well as establishing knowledge of the society issue in the reading.

A Poker Addiction :: Personal Narrative Descriptive Papers

A Poker Addiction As Manny sits there, with half the chips he began with, he faces the hardest decision of the night. Does he call? Does he fold? There are so many things to consider, so much at stake. As the seconds tick by, flashes of frames from the World Series of Poker pass before his eyes; Johnny Chan slapping his cards down on the table, calling out â€Å"All in,† in front of God knows how many people. He sees Phil Hellmuth with his chin supported on his hands, shuffling chips and staring down his opponent. He smirks at the thought of Chris Moneymaker’s famous bluff against Sam Farha. He’s glad he doesn’t need to bluff this hand; he has very solid cards in front of him. At this point the adrenaline rush that is going through his body is one like no other. It is a mixture of excitement, nervousness, and competitiveness. It is a feeling players love to hate. They hate having it, but they love wanting it. As all these scenes pass before Manny’s eyes, he suddenly gets an urge to be bold and risky. He decides that calling his opponent would just weaken his position. â€Å"It would only make him think that I have a losing hand and am hoping for the best†, he reasons, â€Å"I’m all in† he then says, and slaps the cards down on the table in a Chan-like manner. Now it is up to Alex, it is his turn to decide whether to fold or call. Alex, though, is sure he has Manny beat, he gives Manny a smirk and says, in a Russian accent imitating the KGB guy from the movie Rounders, â€Å"I call.† All of sudden everyone is interested. One of these guys is about to lose all his chips. â€Å"Flip ‘em† somebody yells. As Manny flips his cards the whole table gets a look at them, A-K, an enviable hand. Alex flips his: 10-10, also a good hand. Alex definitely has an advantage, with a pocket pair. Both players look at each other and then back down at the table. Manny is hoping his bold move doesn’t backfire on him, and Alex just wants to finish the hand without having a heart attack. Here come the next three cards, also known as the flop, 7-9-K. Manny sighs as he sees his King, he is now in the lead. A Poker Addiction :: Personal Narrative Descriptive Papers A Poker Addiction As Manny sits there, with half the chips he began with, he faces the hardest decision of the night. Does he call? Does he fold? There are so many things to consider, so much at stake. As the seconds tick by, flashes of frames from the World Series of Poker pass before his eyes; Johnny Chan slapping his cards down on the table, calling out â€Å"All in,† in front of God knows how many people. He sees Phil Hellmuth with his chin supported on his hands, shuffling chips and staring down his opponent. He smirks at the thought of Chris Moneymaker’s famous bluff against Sam Farha. He’s glad he doesn’t need to bluff this hand; he has very solid cards in front of him. At this point the adrenaline rush that is going through his body is one like no other. It is a mixture of excitement, nervousness, and competitiveness. It is a feeling players love to hate. They hate having it, but they love wanting it. As all these scenes pass before Manny’s eyes, he suddenly gets an urge to be bold and risky. He decides that calling his opponent would just weaken his position. â€Å"It would only make him think that I have a losing hand and am hoping for the best†, he reasons, â€Å"I’m all in† he then says, and slaps the cards down on the table in a Chan-like manner. Now it is up to Alex, it is his turn to decide whether to fold or call. Alex, though, is sure he has Manny beat, he gives Manny a smirk and says, in a Russian accent imitating the KGB guy from the movie Rounders, â€Å"I call.† All of sudden everyone is interested. One of these guys is about to lose all his chips. â€Å"Flip ‘em† somebody yells. As Manny flips his cards the whole table gets a look at them, A-K, an enviable hand. Alex flips his: 10-10, also a good hand. Alex definitely has an advantage, with a pocket pair. Both players look at each other and then back down at the table. Manny is hoping his bold move doesn’t backfire on him, and Alex just wants to finish the hand without having a heart attack. Here come the next three cards, also known as the flop, 7-9-K. Manny sighs as he sees his King, he is now in the lead.

Creating a Credible Culture Essay

Nowadays if organization is willing to be successful and to respond quickly to changing demands, it should paid thorough attention to organizational cultures. Smart leaders and executives realize that greediness isn’t a bet of wealth and success as well as outward appearance of success shouldn’t be the substitute of achievement. Suzanne Bates claims that â€Å"when we allow spin to be used as a synonym of deception and when cutting ethical concern can pass for courage, leading the old-fashioned way somehow seems dreadfully dull†. (Bates 2003) Good name and respect of organization are rather vulnerable and, thus, organizational culture is of great importance. The most important thing for organization is the creating of atmosphere of trust. Place being respected for honesty and integrity is associated with good and skillful people working in it. (Bates 2003) Building credibility stars from the top and must be nurtured and cultivated constantly to achieve the desired outcomes. The first rule is to modify the behavior that will be promoted in future. If a company wants to perform honestly, it has to practice it from the very start. Therefore, employees should be thanked for honest feedbacks, even if feedback is a criticism. Bates recommends starting from building ethical culture, because leader always face ethical dilemmas and should be skillful enough to cope with competitive pressure. Actions should on the first place and only then words. For example, it is possible to set guiding rules for serving as ethical compass. The next moment is to lead by personal example and to improve communication process. (Bates 2003) Success is associated with honesty and sincerity. Organizational leaders spend lots of resources to maintain the outward appearance of success, though they lack the core principles of culture: honesty, openness, credibility and trustful policies. As Bates says, â€Å"a credible culture can be a magnet that draws people and talent to your organization†. (Bates 2003) Therefore, developing and motivating credible culture is a path to success. References Bates, Suzanne. (2003). Creating a Credible Culture. Nurse Leader, January-February, 37-38.

Essay On Socrates On Happiness - 1594 Words

The pursuit of happiness is a timeless and ageless endeavor. Since the beginning of time people have searched far and wide for the source of happiness. Even the greatest minds attempt to discover the basis of all human contentment. The father of philosophy, Socrates, was one of those few that might have unearthed the key to human happiness. His understanding shaped the way that the western world sees pleasure, joy, and happiness. His views on how to obtain them are still alive today. Socrates lived in Athens, Greece for the entirety of his life (B.C. 469-399). His main objective in life was to teach people how to think critically about questions concerning truth, justice, and happiness. He believed that an unexamined life is a life not†¦show more content†¦He recommended gaining a rational control over one’s desires, these desires being those that can be harmful to life such as: lust, greed, pride, and power. He argued that the key to human happiness is to turn away f rom the body and towards the soul. He said that harmonizing the different parts of the soul would produce a divine-like state of inner tranquility that the external world could not alter. A moral life is to be preferred to an immoral life. This view of happiness is linked to other concepts such as justice, virtue, and the ultimate meaning of human existence. Living a moral and just life would lead to a happier life. In the Euthydemus (which was written by Plato in B.C. 384), Socrates presents an argument as to what happiness is. Socrates is concerned with establishing two main points: 1) Happiness is what all human beings/rational beings desire. It is always the end (goal) of our activities, it is an unconditional good. 2) Happiness does not solely depend on external things, but rather on how those particular things are used. For example, a wise human being will use their money in a way that will benefit them or make them happy. An ignorant person on the other hand will be wasteful and use their money poorly and thus ending up even worse than before. This example shows us that money, in and of itself, will not make us happy. But rather, money is a conditional good but only when it is in the hands of the wise person. This argument can be used inShow MoreRelatedEssay about Socrates Views on Virtue and Happiness1049 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosopher is Socrates. Born in Athens in 469 B.C.E, he spent most of his time at the marketplace and other public places engaging in dialogues about truths of life. Among many other things, he discussed virtue and happiness and how closely they are related. According to Socrates, virtue is absolutely necessary for perfect happiness because virtue brings a type of happiness that other things could never bring. In this paper, I will explain the aforementioned idea of Socrate s on virtue and happiness and throughRead MoreMy Understanding Of Philosophy And Philosophy1490 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of what philosophy was, and knew little about Aristotle, Socrates, and other well-known philosophers. I also thought that Aesop’s Fables were true and loved to read them as a little girl, even though they did not make complete sense to me at the time. As I worked my way through PHIL 200, I began to broaden my knowledge of this area of life study, and to appreciate the different viewpoints on the presented topics. Throughout this essay, I will explain the difference between my â€Å"basic understanding†Read MoreSocrates s Argument At 30a B Of The Apology1386 Words   |  6 PagesEssay #1 In this paper I will argue that Socrates’s argument at 30a-b of the Apology that the best possible state of the soul is the most important thing in life means to eliminate false beliefs and to have virtue. Specifically, I will show why Socrates wants to eliminate false beliefs and why he insist on having virtue is important in life. Then I will demonstrate why Socrates’ argument is incorrect because he fails to identify the true catalyst that drives his happiness. I conclude Socrates’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Plato s Republic And The Letter Of The City Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagesabout justice and if it something that is just in itself. This essay is meant to shine light on three of the key concepts – (1) He has succeeded in Thrasymachus’s challenge, (2) being just provides more happiness than being unjust, and (3) the letter of the city is irrelevant and does not help his case. Thrasymachus’s theory is that there is no benefit to being just and that benefit would only com to the powerful. However, Socrates puts down this theory by proving that it is in every human’s interestRead MoreJustice Is The Best Choice For Its Own Sake1307 Words   |  6 PagesPlato’s Republic, is a classic philosophical novel that covers many points and topics regarding philosophy. One of these main points includes justice. In this essay I will be answering the question of whether justice in soul is choice worthy for its own sake. While this topic is quite complex, I will use a mixture of personal analysis as well as evidence from the book itself to assert that justice in soul is the best choice for its own sake. In the following paragraphs I will discuss what justiceRead MoreSocial And Political Thought1722 Words   |  7 Pagesdevitalize our personal freedom, however, according to Socrates; regulation is necessary in order to experience â€Å"genuine freedo m†. In the Republic, Socrates discusses his tripartite regime in which promotes optimal justice and happiness for its citizens. However, if we fully accept Socrates’ republic, this does not necessarily mean we have to reject democracy entirely. This idea will be furthered explored throughout the entirety of this essay. While Socrates describes democracy as the â€Å"fairest† regime, heRead MoreSocrates, Plato, And Aristotle900 Words   |  4 Pagesdefined. There are many philosophers that have many different views and opinions on philosophy. In this essay, I will be talking about the three great philosophers: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and how they help to define what exactly philosophy is. These three Greek philosophers represent the birthplace of Western philosophy and help to shed some light on the actual meaning of the term. Socrates is from about 400 B.C. His final destination was simple. He wanted to assist others so that they couldRead MoreThe Meaning of Life According to Socrates, Epicurus, and Me1794 Words   |  7 PagesLife According to Socrates, Epicurus, and I The Meaning of Life According to Socrates, Epicurus, and I The two philosophers I chose to examine for the purposes of this paper/exercise are Socrates and Epicurus. As stated, these men were exclusively philosophers, while they were also writers and theorists. I chose Socrates because he is a fundamental fixture in Western philosophy. He is respected and read by scholars and professionals all around the world for centuries. Socrates is one of the mostRead MorePlato And St. Augustine1090 Words   |  5 Pagesas a world of forms, ideas or concepts. Plato argued that conduct comes from a reference to this world of forms. By this argument, there is an eternal idea or form of each moral principle, such as justice, piety or truth. This essay will discuss the ethics of Plato, Socrates and St. Augustine According to Plato, evil is simply the result of ignorance. He believed that all people are attempting to do what they understand as good. He believes there are three parts of the soul. There is a rational andRead MoreSpeech Analysis : The Apology 858 Words   |  4 Pagesto the eye, this speech isn’t even an apology, and it’s more of defense speech. Socrates uses the speech to defend his accusations against him. In the story, â€Å"The Apology† Socrates is on trial for accusation like, â€Å"corrupting the youth† and â€Å"impiety.† Through this following essay, According the following: what Socrates means of knowledge or wisdom and why he thought that knowledge/wisdom was the best means of happiness and perfecting the soul, what kind of knowledge is the best, how did he react to